Mark Twain The Lowest Animal

Mark Twain The Lowest Animal Introduction Different authors have different methodologies and techniques in which they present their literary work so that it presents their ideas to readers in the best way possible. Literature techniques are signatures that differentiate between writers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mark Twain â€Å"The Lowest Animal† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Mark Twain is one of the literary giants who has done so much literature work that is identifiable through his literary techniques. One of his greatest literary works â€Å"Man the Lowest Animal† and reflects his writing style and techniques. This paper presents a critical analysis of his work on â€Å"Man the Lowest Animal.† â€Å"Man the Lowest Animal† Having lived in the 18th century, Twain must have encountered worst-case scenarios of the cruelty of humankind as he tried many ventures in life. His life is centered on significant and influential people although he did not achieve much wealth status. Despite being a great writer, he is observant of nature and humanity. Arguably, his life inspired his writing style and technique. Mark Twain uses the overgeneralization of human versus animal existence. He begins his argument by pointing out to a specific unique scenario or example and then goes on to make it look general to the whole world at large. For instance, he describes the charming sport where hunters kill 72 buffalos to entertain the English earl. They eat a part of one buffalo and let the others rot. He relates this to anaconda that only kills for survival and even then, it cannot kill more than what is necessary for survival. He uses the overgeneralization technique to make this particular situation to represent universal conditions. This approach is undoubtedly biased on one side, and as such, the literature work might not appeal to readers who prefer neutrality and thought consciousness. Twain arguably uses a one-sided approach to reality on the ground. Surprisingly nowhere in the whole article does he give credit to the human race despite there being so many people who ardently support the course of humanity. All his literature work is filled with episodes of the worst things that human beings do such as killing for pleasure, racism, slavery, and cruelty. He fails to acknowledge the other side of human nature that makes him custodian for the world. He does not even give hope for mankind regarding his position as presented in the article but places him on a defenseless corner.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sarcasm and irony define Twain’s technique on â€Å"Man, the Lowest Animal.† The whole article is a twist of the irony of life. He uses this technique to drive his theme of morality home. The article’s opening remarks are full of sarcasm . â€Å"Did today’s newspaper contain a headline about people (Irish, Lebanese, Chilean) fighting somewhere in the world? Most likely, it did† (Twain 2). He tries to appeal to the reader to take sides using sarcastic language from the word go, and he surely maintains this for the rest of his article. Anaconda-earl analogy, ant-man example, and zoo experiment are all examples of how he uses sarcasm to sell his theme. His work is full of irony in that man is the Supreme Being who has the ultimate authority to shape nature in the way he deems best. Despite all claims against man as the lowest animal, he has revolutionized the world to its present status. Undeniably, Twain hits the nail on the head by touching on most sensitive and sentimental aspects of human nature. He dedicates last few paragraphs running on fundamentals of human existence to strengthen his argument. He attacks man’s freedom by claiming he is the only slave, conscience by claiming that he is the unconscious animal and finally challenges the same religion that brings men together. For instance, he argues that, though cats have loose morals, they are safely judged since they have no conscience. Man, on the other hand, exhibits the same characteristics but cannot be excused since he has a conscience. Men kill, fight, and do brutal things for fun. Animals do not kill for fun, but men have made killing fellow men the source of entertainment and satisfaction. By making such an attack, he easily buys the reader to his idea. Finally, Twain uses social criticism throughout his work by challenging the moral status of mankind. Indeed his strongest sentiment comes out when he argues that man is seen as the only reasoning animal. However, by a measure of his acts compared to all other animals, he is the unreasoning animal. All his acts of cruelty, brutality, and slavery can only make him come out as the unreasoning animal. By all standards, he ranks bottom (Twain 2). Conclusion Mark Twa in is undeniably a genius. Through the use of different literary techniques and methodology, he is able to sell his theme and make the reader agree with his idea. He uses social criticism, irony, and sarcasm, overgeneralization, directness as well as one-sided approach to convey his message on this article. Though he fails on some aspects, his literature work comes out convincing and worth contemplating on. Twain, Mark. Mark Twains book of animals. California: University of California Press, 2010.Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mark Twain â€Å"The Lowest Animal† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Grahams Formula for Diffusion and Effusion

Graham's Formula for Diffusion and Effusion Grahams law expresses the relationship between the rate of effusion or diffusion of a gas and the gass molar mass. Diffusion describes the spreading of a gas throughout a volume or a second gas, while effusion describes the movement of a gas through a tiny hole into an open chamber. In 1829, Scottish chemist Thomas Graham determined, through experimentation, that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the gas particle mass and to its density. In 1848, he showed that the rate of effusion of a gas is also inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass of the gas. Grahams law also shows that the kinetic energies of gases are equal at the same temperature. Grahams Law Formula Grahams law states that the rate of diffusion or effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass of the gas: r ∠ 1/(M) ½ or r(M) ½ constant ï » ¿where r rate of diffusion or effusion and M molar mass. Generally, this law is used to compare the difference in rates between between two different gases: Gas A and Gas B.  The law assumes that the temperature and pressure are the same for the  two gases.  When Grahams law is used for such a comparison, the formula is written: rGas A/rGas B (MGas B) ½/(MGas A) ½ Example Problems One way to apply Grahams law is to determine whether one gas will effuse more quickly or slowly than another and to quantify the difference in rate. For example, if you want to compare the rates of effusion of hydrogen gas (H2) and oxygen gas (O2), you use the molar masses of the gases (two for hydrogen and 32 for oxygen) and relate them inversely: rate H2/rate O2 321/2 / 21/2 161/2 / 11/2 4/1 The equation shows that hydrogen gas molecules effuse four times more quickly than oxygen molecules. Another type of Grahams law problem may ask you to find the molecular weight of a gas if you know the identity of one gas and the ratio between the rates of effusion of two different gases. This problem can be expressed as: M2 M1Rate12 / Rate22 A practical application of Grahams law is uranium enrichment. Natural uranium consists of a mixture of isotopes, each of which has a slightly different mass. In gaseous diffusion, uranium ore is made into uranium hexafluoride gas, which is repeatedly diffused through a porous substance. Each time, the material that passes through the pores becomes more concentrated in U-235 (the isotope used to generate nuclear energy). This is because the isotope diffuses at a faster rate than U-238, which is heavier.